Parts of centrifugal pump
This Blog contains basic concepts of Parts of centrifugal pump
- Casing
- Impeller
- Shaft
- Stuffing box
- Mechanical seal
- Bearings
- Spider
- Strainer
Frequently Asked Questions
What are types of Casing? Which casing is more efficient?
What are types of Impeller ? What are their pros & cons?
What is stuffing box's work in Pump?
What is mechanical Seal's work in centrifugal pump?
Casing
- Fluid is receiving in casing it is basic curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port and
- It converts fluids kinetic energy into pressure
Basic classification of casing
Casing's Initial area has lower space.
Gradually area is increasing which sucks more liquid to impeller eye.
1 Volute casing
Simple volute casing
In this type of casing space between casing and impeller is
lower it produces eddy resistance due to lower initial gap so it requires more
energy motor or higher RPM to develop pressure
Vortex casing
2. Diffuser ring casing
This type casing used in turbine type centrifugal pump there
is guide vans around impeller which are in a ring this type of casing Is
maximum covert fluid kinetic energy into discharge pressure minimum design
losses
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Impeller
Types of impeller
Classification of Impellers
1.
Open impeller
In this type of impeller blades are directly connected to
impeller eye this type of impeller is
used to pump higher viscous liquid like paper pulp & sewage
Uses - Pumping Highly suspended solids containing in liquid
1.
2. Semi open impeller
In this impeller eye and blades is forger on base plate.
This is used to pump liquid with solid particles
Uses - Suspended liquids pumping.
3. Closed impeller
Most efficient impeller wide range of application with
normal clean viscous liquid fluid is also known as shrouded type of impeller
Uses - Clear liquid pumping
Pumping Efficiency : Open impeller < Semi open impeller < Closed Impeller
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4. Non clogging impeller
Used to pump sewage with paper plastic cloths this has non
chocking design
5. Axial flow impellers
This type of impeller is used to pump two liquids parallel
to mixed in results
Axis flow pattern means Shaft axis and flow direction is parallel.
6. Radial Impeller
It produces radial flow pattern
Radial flow pattern means Shaft axis and flow direction is at 90° Angle
Uses - High head and low flow requirements.
7. Mixed Flow Impeller
Image credit enclosed below
Mixed flow pattern means Shaft axis and flow direction is at 45° - 80° Angle
Used - High flow High head applications.
Impeller suitability and Performance
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Shaft
Shaft
is used to connect driver to pump impeller to transmit power magnetically
coupled pump also available to avoid use of shaft
Stuffing box
It is used to seal casing with use of packing material and
lantern ring
Mechanical seal
Mechanical seal is used to prevent leakage of under pressure
liquid in to casing
Bearings
It used for smooth operation of pumping generally two
bearings are available
1. Drive side
2. Non drive side
Spider
Spider is used for coupling Drive and pump
Strainer
Strainer is installed in pump suction side after tank isolation valve.
Intension of Strainer installation is to filter pumping liquid and solid impurities & foreign particles kept away from pump for efficient pumping of liquid as well as make pump internals safe.
Non Return Valve - NRV
NRV is installed in pump discharge side before hand isolation valve for back flow prevention to parallel pump.
Another use to install NRV is to prevent priming. For Priming prevention NRV is installed in negative suction pump at suction end which is deep in liquid.
Variable frequency drive - VFD.
Variable frequency drive is installed in those pumps which
- Pumps are exceed flow designed.
- Systems where flow of liquid flow required in significant variations.
Pumps where discharge flow is less required and discharge valve in half close condition loss of energy is there.
Variable frequency drive is installed which control frequency of Voltage of motor.
Reduction in VFD is resulting in Reduction in Pumps motor Rotation RPM reduction.
Reduction in rotation RPM of motor is result in lower power consumption.
Read more about Variable frequency drive - Click here
Watch Centrifugal pump video in Hindi
Read more about "Centrifugal Pump" from Industrial Guide - Click here
Important linksWikipedia
Read on Global Pumps
Read on Introtopump
Photo credits
Mixed flow impellers, Radial Flow Impeller
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